The characteristics and differences between the production line of inner laminated insulating glass, outer laminated glass, and inner and outer laminated glass are as follows:

1.中空玻璃生产线段数不同。外合片为7段，内合片为6段（SM-2500A/2200A为7段）。

1. The number of production lines for insulating glass varies. The external composite film has 7 segments, and the internal composite film has 6 segments (SM-2500A/2200A has 7 segments).

2.加工效率不同。内合片的速度和成片率相对外合片来说要低一些，根据工人的熟练度外合要比内合高30%左右。

2. Different processing efficiency. The speed and production rate of internal lamination are relatively lower compared to external lamination, and external lamination is about 30% higher than internal lamination based on the proficiency of workers.

3.可视性不同。内合片为板内合片，操作人员看不到合片过程。外合片操作人员可以看到并可手工调整合片过程。

3. Different visibility. The inner lamination is an inner plate lamination, and the operator cannot see the lamination process. The external lamination operator can see and manually adjust the lamination process.

4.错片率不同。还有在生产过程中由于划玻璃时有一定的误差，所以在外合时工人能看到合片的误差，可以及时的进行手动扶正，减少错片率，从而产生更快的速度。

4. The error rate varies. In addition, during the production process, due to certain errors in glass cutting, workers can see the errors in the outer lamination, and can manually correct them in a timely manner to reduce the rate of wrong lamination, resulting in faster speed.

5.大小片加工。内合片中空玻璃生产线能做大小片而外合片不能做；

5. Processing of large and small pieces. The production line of inner laminated insulating glass can produce large and small pieces, but the outer laminated glass cannot;

6.价位不同。内合片生产线资金投入少，适用于起步阶段。外合片中空玻璃生产线相对于内合片要多一段，价格适中，生产效率高，适用于大部分客户需求。内外合片中空生产线功能较全，资金投入较高，适用于中大型或规模化中空玻璃加工厂。

6. Different price points. The investment in the internal composite production line is low, suitable for the initial stage. The outer laminated insulating glass production line has an additional section compared to the inner laminated glass, with moderate price and high production efficiency, suitable for most customer needs. The internal and external laminated hollow production line has comprehensive functions and high capital investment, making it suitable for medium to large or large-scale hollow glass processing plants.

7.内外合优点兼具。内外合片就兼具了内合和外合的优点，是目前中空玻璃设备较高技术的体现，如果资金和规模允许的话，建议选择此类中空玻璃设备，生产各种规格的中空玻璃都可以满足。

7. Having both internal and external advantages. The combination of internal and external laminations combines the advantages of both internal and external lamination, which is currently a manifestation of China's advanced technology in insulating glass equipment. If funding and scale permit, it is recommended to choose such insulating glass equipment to produce various specifications of insulating glass.

8.前四段相同。内合片、外合片、内外合片三种立式中空玻璃生产线前四段都是一样的，分为上片段、清洗段、烘干段、玻璃等待段（上铝框段），这三种类型的配置和功用都是一样的。不过每个设备厂家在清洗、烘干段在设计和技术上有所不同，比如毛刷的带动，有的是每根毛刷配一个电机带动，有的是用皮带带动转轮来带动，只要转速达到清洗玻璃的要求，那么哪种带动都可以。单从节能方面来讲，还是皮带带动的要好一些。烘干段风刀和风装置的区别，有的是配置循环内热风，有的是外吸风经过过滤再加热装置来对玻璃进行风干。

The first four paragraphs are the same. The first four stages of the vertical hollow glass production line for inner, outer, and inner and outer laminations are the same, divided into upper section, cleaning section, drying section, and glass waiting section (upper aluminum frame section). The configurations and functions of these three types are the same. However, each equipment manufacturer has different designs and technologies in the cleaning and drying stages, such as the drive of the brush. Some use a motor to drive each brush, while others use a belt to drive the wheel. As long as the speed meets the requirements for cleaning glass, either drive can be used. In terms of energy conservation alone, it is better to drive with a belt. The difference between the air knife and the air device in the drying section is that some are equipped with circulating internal hot air, while others are equipped with external suction air that is filtered and then heated by a device to air dry the glass.

9.第五段中空玻璃生产线的区别。内合、外合、内外合在第五段开始有了变化。内合在第五段是过渡段，而外合、内外合在第五段是个较关键的一段，就是在此段合片。该段用于中空玻璃合片，活动板由液压系统控制、前后移动参数由固定架上的行程开关控制；当靠前片玻璃到达该段末端光电开关时，玻璃减速，同时侧定位升起，玻璃到达侧定位时即停止。此时活动板后退，碰到后退行程开关时停止。

9. Differences in the fifth section of the insulating glass production line. The internal, external, and internal/external combinations have undergone changes since the fifth paragraph. The internal fusion in the fifth paragraph is a transitional stage, while the external fusion and internal fusion in the fifth paragraph are a more critical stage, which is where the fusion takes place. This section is used for laminating insulating glass, with the movable plate controlled by the hydraulic system and the forward and backward movement parameters controlled by the travel switch on the fixed frame; When the front glass reaches the photoelectric switch at the end of the section, the glass slows down and the side positioning rises. When the glass reaches the side positioning, it stops. At this point, the movable board moves backwards and stops when it touches the reverse travel switch.

下托起上移，横梁下移，当横梁上的光电开关1检验到第二片玻璃时横梁减速下移，当横梁上的光电开关2检验到第二片玻璃时横梁停止下移；第二片玻璃经过下托起和横梁上的锥形轮及活动板上的棍子向前输送，当横梁末端上的光电开关检验到第二片玻璃上，则第二片玻璃减速运行至侧定位；下托起下移复位，横梁上移碰到行程开关后停止；一般在生产前几片时，踩动脚踏开关，则压紧气缸带压紧辊将两片玻璃压在一起，同时将中空玻璃输送到压合段；检查玻璃合片情况，如玻璃合片良好，则直接打到合片自动上（不用踩动脚踏开关），如此反复。

When the photoelectric switch 1 on the crossbeam detects the second piece of glass, the crossbeam slows down and moves up. When the photoelectric switch 2 on the crossbeam detects the second piece of glass, the crossbeam stops moving down; The second piece of glass is transported forward through the conical wheel on the lower support and crossbeam, as well as the stick on the movable plate. When the photoelectric switch at the end of the crossbeam detects the second piece of glass, the second piece of glass slows down and runs to the side positioning; Lower support, lift, move down, reset, and stop when the crossbeam moves up and touches the travel switch; Generally, in the first few pieces of production, by stepping on the foot switch, the pressing cylinder with a pressing roller presses the two pieces of glass together, while conveying the hollow glass to the pressing section; Check the glass lamination condition. If the glass lamination is good, directly switch to the lamination automatic position (without stepping on the foot switch), and repeat this process.

10.第六段是中空玻璃生产线板压段。如果是内合片，该段用于中空玻璃的平压，该段有一个上下的步进电机和8个区的吸盘，能够很好的控制玻璃的准确合片。平压过程都由液压系统控制，合好的中空玻璃平压段内自动压实完成，本段的非常大特点是采用玻璃中间定位，可使中空玻璃平行压紧力均匀，同时改善了设备工作状况。

The sixth section is the pressing section of the insulating glass production line board. If it is an internal lamination, this section is used for flat pressing of insulating glass. This section has an up and down stepper motor and 8 zones of suction cups, which can effectively control the accurate lamination of the glass. The flat pressing process is controlled by the hydraulic system, and the closed hollow glass flat pressing section is automatically compacted. The major feature of this section is the use of glass middle positioning, which can make the parallel pressing force of the hollow glass even and improve the working condition of the equipment.

中间定位的原理是：由进入该段初始光电开关和中间光电开关进行检验，将中空玻璃停在中间部位，该段的压紧力由微动开关控制。如果是内合片或内外合片，该段用于中空玻璃的合片及平压，两个过程：中空玻璃生产线SM1800A、SM2200A、SM2500A由液压系统控制，SM1600由气动系统控制，在合片平压段内自动完成，大大减小了整条中空玻璃生产线的结构长度。玻璃由传送胶辊平托及传送，传送辊由电机经过变频调速后直接带动，后压片有气浮装置，辅助输送玻璃；前压片内装有吸盘装置，并漩蜗泵、储能器及真空发生器增强吸风力，可牢牢吸住玻璃。

The principle of intermediate positioning is to inspect the initial photoelectric switch and intermediate photoelectric switch entering the section, stop the insulating glass in the middle, and the compression force of the section is controlled by a microswitch. If it is internal or external lamination, this section is used for lamination and flat pressing of insulating glass. Two processes are controlled by the hydraulic system for the insulating glass production lines SM1800A, SM2200A, and SM2500A, while the pneumatic system controls the SM1600. It is automatically completed in the lamination flat pressing section, greatly reducing the structural length of the entire insulating glass production line. The glass is horizontally supported and transported by a conveyor roller, which is directly driven by a motor through frequency conversion speed regulation. The rear pressing plate is equipped with an air flotation device to assist in transporting the glass; The front pressing plate is equipped with a suction cup device, and a vortex pump, energy storage device, and vacuum generator enhance the suction force, which can firmly suck in the glass.

中空玻璃生产线SM1600由气缸控制传动横梁向下倾斜；1800A、2200A、2500A玻璃托起由步进电机控制，由液压站控制驱动，保证了稳定性及控制精度，生产大小片时，由触摸屏设定参数。1800A、2200A、2500A由PLC控制步进电机，偏移到所设定的参数值，完成玻璃合片动作。按设定的时间及压力控制进行合片压平，来制成符合要求的中空玻璃。

The hollow glass production line SM1600 is controlled by a cylinder to drive the crossbeam to tilt downwards; The 1800A, 2200A, and 2500A glass supports are controlled by stepper motors and driven by hydraulic stations, ensuring stability and control accuracy. When producing large and small pieces, parameters are set by the touch screen. The 1800A, 2200A, and 2500A stepper motors are controlled by PLC and offset to the set parameter values to complete the glass lamination action. Press and flatten according to the set time and pressure control to produce insulating glass that meets the requirements.