1在保持现场的情况下进行症状分析

　　Perform symptom analysis while maintaining the scene

　　（1） 询问操作人员：发生了什么故障？在什么情况下、什么时间发生的？设备运行了多久？故障发生前有何异常现象（如有何声响、报警信号、烟气、异味）有无错误操作？控制系统操作是否正常？操作程序有无变动？有操作时有否特殊困难或异常？

　　(1) Ask the operator: What malfunction has occurred? Under what circumstances and at what time did it occur? How long has the device been running? Are there any abnormal phenomena (such as noise, alarm signals, smoke, odor) or incorrect operations before the malfunction occurs? Is the operation of the control system normal? Is there any change in the operating procedure? Are there any special difficulties or abnormalities during operation?

　　（2） 观察（包括整机概况，各项运行参数） 观察有无明显的异常现象？零件有卡阻或损伤？各种管线是否松动或泄露？电缆（线）有无破裂、擦伤或烧毁？设备运行参数有何变化？有无明显的损坏信号？

　　(2) Observe (including the overall situation of the machine and various operating parameters) for any obvious abnormal phenomena? Is there any jamming or damage to the parts? Are various pipelines loose or leaking? Is the cable (wire) broken, scratched, or burned? What changes have occurred in the operating parameters of the equipment? Is there any obvious damage signal?

　　（3） 检查检测指数装置

　　(3) Check the detection index device

　　检查所有读数是否正常，包括压力或仪表读数等。检查过滤器、报警器及联锁装置、打印输出或显示器是否正常。

　　Check if all readings are normal, including pressure or instrument readings. Check if the filters, alarms, interlocks, printouts, or displays are functioning properly.

　　（4） 点动设备检查（在条件允许的情况下）

　　(4) Inspection of jog equipment (if conditions permit)

　　检查间歇情况、长期情况、快或慢时的情况，这些情况是否有代表性和再现性，是否影响输出，能否引起损坏或其他危险。

　　Check for intermittent, long-term, fast or slow conditions, whether they are representative and reproducible, whether they affect output, whether they cause damage or other hazards.

　　2、检查设备（包括零件、部件、系统线路检查）

　　2. Inspection equipment (including parts, components, and system wiring inspection)

　　（1） 利用五官进行检查（继续深入观察的过程）

　　(1) Using facial features for examination (continuing the process of in-depth observation)

　　摸：设备的振动元（组）件的热度（要注意安全！尽量用手背）。

　　Touch: The heat of the vibration elements (components) of the equipment (pay attention to safety! Try to use the back of your hand).

　　听：有无异常声响。

　　Listen for any abnormal sounds.

　　嗅：有无焦味及其他异味；

　　Smell: whether there is a burnt or other odor;

　　查：工件的开关与位置变化、设备性能参数的变化、线路异常检查。

　　Check for changes in the switch and position of the workpiece, changes in equipment performance parameters, and abnormal circuit checks.

　　进行线路检查时，应在明确系统原理，熟悉系统接线及安装街具体情况下进行。

　　When conducting circuit inspections, it is necessary to clarify the system principle, familiarize oneself with the system wiring and specific installation conditions.

　　进行线路检查时，应在明确系统原理，熟悉系统接线及安装街具体情况下进行。

　　When conducting circuit inspections, it is necessary to clarify the system principle, familiarize oneself with the system wiring and specific installation conditions.

　　（2） 评定检查结果

　　(2) Evaluation and inspection results

　　评定故障判断是否正确，故障线索是否找到，各项检查结果是否一致。

　　Assess whether the fault diagnosis is correct, whether the fault clues have been found, and whether the results of various inspections are consistent.

　　3、故障位置的确定

　　3. Determination of fault location

　　（1） 确定系统结构及测试方法

　　(1) Determine system architecture and testing methods

　　在熟悉设备说明书并了解设备基本原理后，确定设备故障所在，并明确用什么方法测试，需要什么手测试手段，可能获得什么样的测试参数或性能参数，在什么操作条件下进行，必须遵守哪些安全措施等。

　　After familiarizing oneself with the equipment manual and understanding the basic principles of the equipment, determine the location of the equipment malfunction, and clarify what methods to use for testing, what manual testing methods are required, what testing parameters or performance parameters may be obtained, under what operating conditions, and what safety measures must be followed.

　　（2） 系统检测

　　(2) System detection

　　根据前面的分析，采用最为合适的测量方法，选择合适的测量点，根据输入或反馈所得结果与正常值或性能标准进行，确定可疑位置。

　　Based on the previous analysis, use the most suitable measurement method, select the appropriate measurement point, and determine the suspicious location based on the input or feedback results and normal values or performance standards.

　　系统检测的方法很多，如直接比较法（与无故障的设备对比）、分步隔离法（逐步缩小检查范围）、变换条件法（用于故障现象不明显时）、试探反证法，检测量法，试切试样法等。

　　There are many methods for system detection, such as direct comparison method (compared with equipment without faults), step-by-step isolation method (gradually reducing the inspection range), transformation condition method (used when the fault phenomenon is not obvious), trial and error method, detection quantity method, and trial cut sample method.

　　1、修理或更换

　　1. Repair or replace

　　（1）修理：查找故障原因，修复并采取预防措施；检查相关零件，防止故障扩散。

　　(1) Repair: Identify the cause of the malfunction, repair and take preventive measures; Check the relevant parts to prevent the spread of faults.

　　（2） 更换：正确装配调试更换零件，并注意相关件。

　　(2) Replacement: Properly assemble, debug and replace parts, and pay attention to relevant parts.